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<title>Smart label</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Smart label</span></span>

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<p>A <b>smart label</b>, also called a <b>smart tag</b>, is an extremely flat configured <a href="RFID" class="mw-redirect" title="RFID">transponder</a> under a conventional print-coded <a href="Label" title="Label">label</a>, which includes <a href="Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">chip</a>, <a href="Antenna_(radio)" title="Antenna (radio)">antenna</a> and bonding wires as a so-called inlay.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The labels, made of paper, fabric or plastics, are prepared as a paper roll with the inlays <a href="Laminate" class="mw-redirect" title="Laminate">laminated</a> between the rolled carrier and the label media for use in specially designed printer units.

</p><p>In many processes in <a href="Logistics" title="Logistics">logistics</a> and <a href="Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation">transportation</a>, the barcode, or the 2D-barcode, is well established as the key means for identification in short distance. Whereas the <a href="Automation" title="Automation">automation</a> of such optical coding is limited in appropriate distance for reading success and usually requires manual operation for finding the code or scanner gates that scan all the surface of a coded object, the RFID-inlay allows for better tolerance in fully automated reading from a certain specified distance. However, the mechanical vulnerability of the RFID-inlay is higher than the ordinary label, which has its weaknesses in its resistance to scratch.

</p><p>Thus, the smartness of the smart label is earned in compensation of typical weaknesses with the combination of the technologies of plain text, <a href="Optical_character_recognition" title="Optical character recognition">optical character recognition</a> and radio code.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Processing">Processing</h2></div>

<p>The processing of these labels is basically as with ordinary labels in all stages of production and application, except the inlay is inserted in an automated processing step to ensure identical positioning for each label and careful processing to prevent any damage to the bonding.

The printing is processed in two steps, including

</p>

<ul><li>normal <a href="Ink-jet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ink-jet">ink-jet</a> printing, except the space with the bonded chip, with clearly intelligible text and</li>

<li>either <a href="Barcode" title="Barcode">barcode</a> or <a href="2D_barcode" class="mw-redirect" title="2D barcode">2D barcode</a> for later semi-automatic reading with handheld readers or fix-mount scanners</li>

<li>writing coherently concatenated information to the RFID-chip</li>

<li>reading the written information on the RFID-chip subsequently in the printer for control purpose (read after write)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chip_labels">Chip labels</h3></div>

<p>Customisation of smart labels is available with chip cards. Also combinations of magnetic stripes with RFID chips are used,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially for credit cards.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Printable_labels">Printable labels</h3></div>

<p>Replacing silicon processors, smart tags that are printed collect information themselves and process it. The result of decades of research and development by <a href="Thinfilm" class="mw-redirect" title="Thinfilm">ThinFilm Electronics</a> are “printed transistors, the multilayer tags combine a year’s worth of battery power, sensors and a small display, and will initially be used to show a temperature record of perishable food and medications. Roughly 3 x 1.5 inches in size and consisting of five layers sandwiched in a roll-to-roll production process, the ThinFilm labels use the company’s own ferroelectric polymer technology for storing information. Chains of non-toxic polymers can be flipped between two orientations – representing binary “0″ and “1″ – to store non-volatile data.” <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electronic_labels">Electronic labels</h3></div>

<p>While price increases when labels are electronic, the very small percentage of labels that are electric is increasing. Electronic labels have features that supersede non-electronic labels. Electronic versions can signal what is happening in real-time and most can store a digital record.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Application">Application</h2></div>

<p>Smart labels are applied directly to <a href="Packaging" title="Packaging">packages</a> or to <a href="Pallet" title="Pallet">pallets</a> or other <a href="Shipping_container" title="Shipping container">shipping containers</a>. The application directly to the product is still of neglectible importance

</p>

<ul><li>due to the cost of the labels, which may be justified easier for agglomerations of more than one product</li>

<li>because all metallic, liquid or otherwise <a href="Permittivity" title="Permittivity">electrically not transparent</a> products reflect or reduce the radio waves</li>

<li>due to the handling, which normally addresses the package and lesser the unpacked product.</li></ul>

<p>The technologies with the smart labels are all mature and well standardised. After the first wave of technology hype with RFID, current consolidation in the market shows hard competitive <a href="Darwinism" title="Darwinism">Darwinism</a>. With increasing sales quantities, the inlays are still annually redesigned and appear in releases with new extensions to performance. However, the integration of RFID to handling processes requires sound engineering to ensure the balance of benefit and effort.

</p><p>In 2008, ThinFilm and Polyera announced their partnership to produce high volumes of smart labels. The collaboration brings printed integrated systems, such as smart sensor tags, closer to commercial availability.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Barcode" title="Barcode">Barcode</a></li>

<li><a href="Barcode#2D_barcodes" title="Barcode">Barcode#2D barcodes</a></li>

<li><a href="Radio_Frequency_Identification" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Frequency Identification">Radio Frequency Identification</a></li>

<li><a href="Track_and_trace" title="Track and trace">Track and trace</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFJakimovski2012" class="citation web cs1">Jakimovski, Predrag (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teco.kit.edu/~jakimov/papers/Jakimovski-SSD2012.pdf">"Design of a Printed Organic RFID Circuit with an Integrated Sensor for Smart Labels"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 9th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

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</style><span class="citation patent" id="CITEREFConwellAdams2006"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US7095324">US 7095324</a>, Conwell, Kevin Girard & Adams, Matt, "Tamper evident smart label with RF transponder", published 2006-08-22, assigned to Intermec IP Corp.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=7095324&rft.cc=US&rft.title=Tamper+evident+smart+label+with+RF+transponder&rft.inventor=Conwell&rft.assignee=Intermec+IP+Corp.&rft.pubdate=2006-08-22"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation patent" id="CITEREFGelbman2004"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US6753830">US 6753830</a>, Gelbman, Alexander, "Smart electronic label employing electronic ink", published 2004-06-22, assigned to Visible Tech-knowledgy Inc.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=6753830&rft.cc=US&rft.title=Smart+electronic+label+employing+electronic+ink&rft.inventor=Gelbman&rft.assignee=Visible+Tech-knowledgy+Inc.&rft.pubdate=2004-06-22"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rfid-sicherheit.com/813-rfid-chip-rfid-tag.html">"RFID Chips:How they work and what they can do"</a> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slashgear.com/printable-smart-tags-could-link-carrots-to-the-internet-of-things-25210667/">"Printable Smart Tags Could Link Carrots To The Internet Of Things"</a>. Slashgear. 25 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idtechex.com/research/articles/what_are_smart_labels_00000030.asp">"What Are Smart Labels"</a>. IDTech. 24 May 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polyera.com/newsflash/thinfilm-and-polyera-partner-to-bring-printed-cmos-memory-to-market">"Thinfilm and Polyera Partner To Bring Printed CMOS Memory To Market"</a>. Polyera<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

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</style><div id="Labeling44" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Label" title="Label">Labeling</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Label" title="Label">Label</a> construction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Adhesive" title="Adhesive">Adhesive</a></li>

<li><a href="Die_cutting_(web)" title="Die cutting (web)">Die cutting (web)</a></li>

<li><a href="Hologram" class="mw-redirect" title="Hologram">Hologram</a></li>

<li><a href="In-mould_labelling" title="In-mould labelling">In-mould labelling</a></li>

<li><a href="Label" title="Label">Label</a></li>

<li><a href="Paper" title="Paper">Paper</a></li>

<li><a href="Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></li>

<li><a href="Pressure-sensitive_adhesive" title="Pressure-sensitive adhesive">Pressure-sensitive adhesive</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic" title="Plastic">Plastic</a></li>

<li><a href="Printing" title="Printing">Printing</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_hologram" title="Security hologram">Security hologram</a></li>

<li><a href="Release_liner" title="Release liner">Release liner</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_printing" title="Security printing">Security printing</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_tape" title="Security tape">Security label</a></li>

<li><a href="Sticker" title="Sticker">Sticker</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Content</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Advertising" title="Advertising">Advertising</a></li>

<li><a href="Barcode" title="Barcode">Barcode</a></li>

<li><a href="Country_of_origin" title="Country of origin">Country of origin</a></li>

<li><a href="Tobacco_packaging_warning_messages" title="Tobacco packaging warning messages">Cigarette warning label</a></li>

<li><a href="Ecolabel" title="Ecolabel">Ecolabel</a></li>

<li><a href="European_Union_energy_label" title="European Union energy label">EU energy label</a></li>

<li><a href="Fair_Packaging_and_Labeling_Act" title="Fair Packaging and Labeling Act">Fair Packaging and Labeling Act</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_food_labeling_regulations" title="List of food labeling regulations">List of food labeling regulations</a></li>

<li><a href="Mandatory_labelling" title="Mandatory labelling">Mandatory labelling</a></li>

<li><a href="Nameplate" title="Nameplate">Nameplate</a></li>

<li><a href="Nutrition_facts_label" title="Nutrition facts label">Nutrition facts label</a></li>

<li><a href="Plain_tobacco_packaging" title="Plain tobacco packaging">Plain tobacco packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Radio-frequency_identification" title="Radio-frequency identification">Radio-frequency identification</a></li>

<li><a href="United_Kingdom_food_information_regulations" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom food information regulations">United Kingdom food information regulations</a></li>

<li><a href="Warning_label" title="Warning label">Warning label</a></li>

<li><a href="Wine_label" title="Wine label">Wine label</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Advertising" title="Advertising">Advertising</a></li>

<li><a href="Authentication" title="Authentication">Authentication</a></li>

<li><a href="Automatic_identification_and_data_capture" title="Automatic identification and data capture">Automatic identification and data capture</a></li>

<li><a href="Label_dispenser" title="Label dispenser">Label dispenser</a></li>

<li><a href="Label_printer" title="Label printer">Label printer</a></li>

<li><a href="Packaging" title="Packaging">Packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Track_and_trace" title="Track and trace">Track and trace</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-15" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Smart_label&oldid=1295672581">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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